Why Won’t My Violet Bloom?
Most
African violets should be blooming regularly throughout the year. Some varieties will always have one or two
flowers open. Some varieties burst into
heavier bloom and then rest briefly before bursting into bloom again. A few varieties are more reluctant to bloom
except in really excellent light, but even these should be blooming once or
twice a year. If violets do not bloom,
there is usually a problem with the growing conditions.
The Likely Culprit is
Light
Violets
need bright light to bloom well. If they
are window grown, violets should be set within twelve inches of the glass; the
window should be fairly large to allow generous light; there should be some
light filtering, such as sheer drapes or trees outside. Do be careful of heat however, since some
window areas get quite warm.
Temperatures should stay near 72 degrees Fahrenheit.
Violets
that are not getting enough light will seem to reach upward. Leaves will not lay flat in a perfect circle
around the pot. Whenever a grower sees
this, efforts should be taken to increase the amount of light the plant
receives.
Violets
can be given artificial light when no good windows are available, using any
kind of fluorescent tubes. Violets
should be placed so that the light is just twelve inches above the foliage, and
the lights should be turned on for about twelve hours a day. Again, choose a growing area that is about 72
degrees most of the time.
Is It Hungry for Fertilizer?
Often
a lack of bloom can be blamed on inadequate fertilizer. Violets need to be fertilized weekly with a
good quality fertilizer designed for them.
There are many good products on the market. Most growers prefer to use a formula that is
mixed in the water and used every time violets are watered.
If
you choose to use a fertilizer that recommends monthly fertilizing, you can
dilute it to used weekly. If directions
call for one teaspoon to a gallon of water monthly, simply change it to 1/4
teaspoon to a gallon. Fertilizer is
quite stable when mixed up, and can be saved from week to week if it is not all
used at once.
Potting Soil Can Prevent
Blooms
Blossoms
form when roots are healthy and well-developed.
Violet roots are very fine and hair-like. If violets are potted in heavy or packed
soils, the roots will not develop and flowering will be sparse.
It
is hard to purchase good quality pre-mixed violet soil. Most products labeled for violets are using
sedge peat which is black and smeary when rubbed between the fingers. Rarely do these commercial potting mixes have
enough lighteners such as perlite or vermiculite for violets to thrive. For many growers, the only solution is to mix
it themselves.
One
commonly used recipe is: 1 part milled sphagnum peat moss, 1 part vermiculite,
and 1 part perlite with a bit of charcoal tossed in. The texture is most important. This mix will not pack down even when wet,
leaving lots of air passages for roots to grow into.
When
repotting violets, be especially careful not to press down on the soil or pack
it around the roots.
A Few Other Possibilities
Along
with preferring the soil to be loose and airy, violets like to be in small
pots. Generally the pots should be
four inches deep (or less) and only one-third the size of the leaf span. If you violet is twelve inches across, it
should be growing in a pot that is four inches in diameter and four inches
deep. When well-developed roots find the
walls of their pot, they will often begin heavy flowering.
Dry
air can cause violet buds to dry off before ever becoming visible to the naked
eye. Be sure that there is some humidity
around the plant, and avoid drafts from heating or air conditioning. Humidity can be provided with a small open
dish of water placed next to the pot.
Uneven
watering can also cause buds to dry off prematurely. Try to keep soil evenly moist all of
the time. Avoid allowing your violet to
become so dry that leaves wilt, but also avoid allowing your plant to stand in
water for more than one-half hour (to avert crown rot problems).
Be
sure that there is only one crown of leaves growing in the pot. Sometimes violets will form suckers,
resulting in multiple crowns or centers of growth. These suckers should be removed into their
own pot or destroyed, so that a single crown is left. Most violets do not bloom
well when crowded in a pot.
A Silly Tip
Occasionally
a grower is doing everything well, and a violet will still stubbornly remain
out of bloom while developing beautiful leaves.
Botanists would say that it is in a vegetative mode. In order to switch it to a fruiting
(flowering) mode, the plant needs a gentle threat that will trigger a “survival
of the species” response. Squeezing the
sides of the pot or gently thumping the pot on the table surface will disturb
roots enough to trigger a panic response, often causing the violet to begin
setting flowers. It sounds silly, but
there is good science to support this action.
Happy Growing!
Joyce Stork